You’ll learn
- Why harsh environments lead to identity loss
- How suffering shapes influential leaders
- What limits minorities in education
- The unexpected paths to leadership
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first KEY POINT
African Americans are one of the largest groups in the United States. They belong to an ethnic group of Americans whose progenitors are totally or partially Africans. African Americans migrated to America during the slave trade area in the 16th to the 19th centuries. During this time, white men saw African Americans as inferior and fitting to be no more than slaves; hence, racism became rampant. African American slaves were made to work primarily on rice, tobacco, cotton, and sugar plantations. African Americans were believed not to be able to amount to anything. When African Americans attempted to pursue prestigious careers, they were advised to stop dreaming big and consider manual labor. This inferiority ate so deep into the fabric of the mindset of the average African American, and most of them believed that they would end up on the streets. African Americans were segregated to the ghettos—slums occupied by minority groups—because of illegal discrimination and economic and social pressures.
The Autobiography of Malcolm X depicts the experiences of the average African American in the United States. In this summary, you will better understand the Black ghettos and how they shape the lives and thoughts of the African Americans living there.
second KEY POINT
On the 19th of May 1925, Malcolm Little—later known as Malcolm X—was born in an Omaha hospital in the United States when his mom, Louise Little, was only 28 years old. He was the seventh child of nine children. Malcolm Little's father, Reverend Earl Little, a Baptist preacher, and his family were constantly harassed by the Ku Klux Klan riders—an American white supremacist terrorist hate group—because they were African Americans. In 1931, when Malcolm was six years old, his father was assassinated. At this time, Louise Little was 34 years old, with no one to assist her in taking care of her children. Things were so difficult that Louise started buying things on credit. Then, she had to work to make ends meet. Louise got jobs working for white people, but she constantly got sacked when her employers realized she was an African American; Louise looked like a white woman with straight black hair and a white accent because her father was white.

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