You’ll learn
- Why segregation persists
- About the impact of education
- What is the true meaning of freedom
- How history shapes race views
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first KEY POINT
Through a collection of non-fiction essays, W.E.B. Du Bois shares his account of what it meant to be Black in the United States in the twentieth century. He sought to open the “Veil” to highlight the religion, songs, passion, sorrows, and struggles of Black folks. The “Veil” is the thick invisible layer of demarcation that exists between Black people and white people.
According to Du Bois, being a Black person in America meant being a problem. And the question that most white people want to ask Black men is, “What does it feel like to be a problem?” While they rarely ask this question directly, people fumble around it till it’s clear that is what they wish to know.Du Bois first realized that society considered him a problem when he was in elementary school. It was a part of the school tradition for boys and girls in each class to share cards with one another during certain periods in the academic session.One year, a new female student had enrolled, and when it was time to exchange cards, this girl peremptorily rejected Du Bois’ card. It then occurred to him that he was different from his white classmates and that he had been shut out of their world by a vast “Veil.” Afterward, Du Bois held the people on the other side of the view in contempt and made it his primary goal to be better than the whites at most things in life.He experienced tremendous joy whenever he earned better grades or performed better in physical activities than the other children. However, Du Bois’ contempt faded within several years as it dawned on him that the white students had better opportunities and greater advantages than he did.
In the following sections of this summary, you will get a deeper insight into the struggles of Blacks to gain true liberty in the United States after Emancipation in the late 1800s.
second KEY POINT
In America, Black people were destined to have a unique existence. They had a “double-consciousness” and perpetually looked at themselves from the perspective of the whites. They neither lived as Black people in America nor as Americans in America. The Blacks dangled hopelessly in the middle of these identities that couldn’t be harmoniously blended. Because these two identities are separated by the inevitable “Veil,” they are always at odds with one another.Even though Emancipation gave Black Americans some freedom from slavery, they didn’t have the rights that were enjoyed by people with true liberty.The Emancipation, which was meant to be the passage of Black Americans into the promised land of opportunities, exacerbated these conflicting identities of being Black and being American. Even after the decades of post-emancipation, the freedmen still couldn’t find freedom in their motherland.

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