Self-growth
Business & Career
Success
Communication
Healing
Relationships
Psychology
HappinessYou’ll learn
- Where cognitive errors come from
- Common thinking errors and how to override them
- About the types of bias
- How to make wise decisions
- How to admit your failures and take responsibility
Table of contents
first KEY POINT
Cognitive errors have their roots in evolution and our individual life experiences
A cognitive error is the failure to think situations through clearly before concluding. Cognitive errors are systematic, meaning they don't happen out of the blues or once in a while, they are rather routine mistakes that we continue to make. What's interesting is that we don't intentionally learn these errors, we pick them up from childhood and our brain is on the automatic function when similar situations arise. For example, a common cognitive error is overestimating our knowledge more than we underestimate it. Most of us are victims of this particular error. We hardly ever underestimate our knowledge on topics that we know averagely. The common error is to think that you already know all (or most) of the things that you need to know about something simply because you were once educated in it.The only time you get to see how wrong your estimation is is when you start putting the knowledge to work. Here's an example that's very widespread: most educated couples go into marriage believing they know how to raise kids only to realize they know little to nothing about parenting. There are so many cognitive errors that we fall victim to as a result of evolution, the kind of environment we were raised in, or our unique life experiences.
Most of our thinking errors were developed in the hunter-gatherer stage of human development and they were useful then, but many of them have lost their value in the modern world.
For the remaining chapters of this summary, we shall be considering some of the most popular cognitive errors as well as how you can keep them from shortchanging you in life.
second KEY POINT
Survivorship bias explains why it's easier to underestimate success
The media can — to a large extent — be blamed for the prevalence of the survivor bias because it only covers stories of successful individuals. The only time you get to read or watch anything about someone who failed is when that person is influential or comes from an affluent root. You never see stories of the masses who tried and failed miserably. But year in year out, the media keeps celebrating stories of people who moved from rags to riches. And this sort of thing makes the average individual imagine that success is as easy as the media portrays it. What many people don't see is that, behind every successful person, there are millions of others who tried and failed at the same thing. And thousands saw small success but couldn't make it to the headlines before they died or ruined their reputation. It doesn't mean success is unattainable, it only means that our survivorship bias makes us underestimate the amount of work that goes into building success. It doesn't matter what anyone tells you, the truth is that not everyone would become a star. Some would indeed die trying.
Continue reading with Headway app
Continue readingFull summary is waiting for you in the app
first KEY POINT
Social proof is not necessarily true. Do your own digging
second KEY POINT
Learn to let go when you've done your best but things are just not working
third KEY POINT
When you're about to make a decision, write down what you want and stick to it
fourth KEY POINT
Refuse to play the blame game: take responsibility for what happens to you
fifth KEY POINT
Overcoming the action bias: learn to wait
sixth KEY POINT
Conclusion
Related summaries
Frequently asked questions
What is The Art of Thinking Clearly about?
The Art of Thinking Clearly by Rolf Dobelli explores common cognitive biases and logical fallacies that hinder our decision-making. It offers practical insights on how to avoid these pitfalls and improve our thinking.
What are the key takeaways from The Art of Thinking Clearly?
Key takeaways from The Art of Thinking Clearly include understanding cognitive biases like confirmation bias and anchoring, which can adversely affect our judgment. The book emphasizes awareness and critical thinking as essential tools to make better decisions.
Is The Art of Thinking Clearly worth reading?
Yes, The Art of Thinking Clearly is highly regarded for its practical advice and engaging style. Readers value its clarity and the actionable steps it provides for improved decision-making.
How many pages is The Art of Thinking Clearly and when was it published?
The Art of Thinking Clearly has approximately 384 pages and was originally published in 2011. This makes it a comprehensive guide to understanding human psychology in decision-making.
How can The Art of Thinking Clearly improve my decision-making skills?
The Art of Thinking Clearly can enhance your decision-making skills by making you aware of various biases that can cloud your judgment. By learning to recognize these mental traps, you can make more rational and informed choices in daily life.